Cooperative two-player play produces distinctive social experiences between players: intimacy, trust, cooperation, communitas. Since Huizinga, the frame within which these experiences arise has been called the Magic Circle: a temporarily-set-apart […]
As quantum computing transitions from theory to practice, understanding which algorithms suit near-term devices becomes critical. Current quantum computers are severely constrained by limited qubit counts, short coherence times, and […]
Many genetics pipelines start by aligning sequencing reads to a reference genome. Aligners attempt to find the position in the reference sequence which best matches the read sequence, but this […]
Self-reflection holds significant potential for learning, behavior change, and emotional processing, yet designing technologies that effectively support it remains challenging, particularly when reflection involves difficult experiences such as failure. Most […]
The growing complexity of high-performance computing (HPC) systems poses a fundamental challenge for domain scientists, whose primary objective is to obtain scientifically valid results rather than to optimize resource utilization. […]
Modern high-performance GPU kernels increasingly rely on subgroup-level execution, including subgroup-level communication, subgroup operations, and matrix operations. These features are essential for workloads such as matrix multiplication and FlashAttention, but their language-level guarantees remain difficult to reason about. Existing programming models often leave unclear which threads participate in subgroup operations, when subgroup threads are required […]
Modern software increasingly relies on distributed systems to provide accessible, scalable, and reliable services. Choreographic programming brings a global perspective to distributed system development: programmers write a single program that […]
Edge computing and distributed AI systems increasingly operate under heterogeneous resources, dynamic workloads, and frequent failures, requiring both adaptivity and fault tolerance for efficient execution. In heterogeneous edge clusters, nodes […]
Real-time monitoring of infectious disease outbreaks calls for statistical models that recover interpretable quantities such as the time-varying reproduction number from noisy count data, track posterior uncertainty, and run on time scales compatible with daily updates. Existing methods address these aims through separate model classes. Discretized Hawkes processes, Poisson autoregressions, and distributed lag models each […]
AI-assisted clinical decisions in medicine, and particularly in dermatology, demand fine-grained understanding across diverse skin tones, body sites, and disease types, yet expert-annotated datasets are scarce, demographically imbalanced, and almost devoid of rare presentations. This dissertation develops four deep learning systems for this low-label, low-coverage regime. We introduce HealNet, which learns wound healing stages from […]
Modern AI systems are rapidly moving beyond static text generation toward capable models and agents that reason, use tools, store memories, and update persistent state, yet safety methods still often assume a fixed model whose behavior can be controlled by output-level refusal. This leaves critical gaps in understanding why aligned models fail under adversarial pressure, […]
Due to their increasing complexity, autonomous decision-making agents rely on increasingly advanced algorithms, from classical control theory to reinforcement learning (RL) and, more recently, large vision-language models. While these algorithms help automate the decision-making in complex systems, they bring newer attack vulnerabilities that an adversary can exploit. In this dissertation, we study the security of […]
AI-assisted clinical decisions in medicine, and particularly in dermatology, demand fine-grained understanding across diverse skin tones, body sites, and disease types, yet expert-annotated datasets are scarce, demographically imbalanced, and almost devoid of rare presentations. This dissertation develops four deep learning systems for this low-label, low-coverage regime. We introduce HealNet, which learns wound healing stages from […]
Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have become essential platforms for parallel computing, supporting applications far beyond graphics. Central to GPU programming models is its memory consistency specification (MCS), which defines the semantics of concurrent shared-memory operations and interacts with other language features to determine security guarantees such as memory safety. Understanding whether implementations conform to an […]
Dual Attention Transformers (DATs) extend decoder-only Transformers with a dedicated relational-attention stream, making them a natural architecture for abstract identity rules such asABA and ABB. Surprisingly, we find that comparably sized GPT-2 models outperform DATs on these tasks. We investigate this gap with two complementary mechanistic analyses. First, causal mediation analysis shows that DATs exhibit […]
While the human brain learns continually, mastering new tasks without forgetting the old and adapting to unfamiliar ones from context alone, modern neural networks still lack both. To bridge the gap between biological adaptivity and modern AI, we have established foundational work on sparsity as a computational principle at three levels of neural computation, through […]
Alternative splicing, the process generating different RNA isoforms from a single gene, is considered one of the main factors driving increased organism complexity in eukaryotes. Variations in isoform and gene […]
Games user researchers (GURs) use various methods to understand when a game is overloading its players. In games research where data-driven multimodal approaches are necessary to drive insights, the currently […]
Time series data with dependence arise across a wide range of scientific and engineering disciplines, often presenting challenging inferential problems related to structural change and clustering. This Ph.D. proposal addresses […]
Three learners who fail the same level of an educational game the same number of times can be failing in three different ways, and the difference determines what each should […]